What is RAM
Random access memory (RAM) is the best known form of computer memory. RAM is considered "random access" because you can access any memory cell directly if you know the row and column that intersect at that cell.
Types of RAM
Dynamic RAM
Similar to a microprocessor, a memory chip is an integrated circuit (IC) made of millions of transistors and capacitors. In the most common form of computer memory, dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a transistor and a capacitor are paired to create a memory cell, which represents a single bit of data. The capacitor holds the bit of information -- a 0 or a 1. The transistor acts as a switch that lets the control circuitry on the memory chip read the capacitor or change its state.
A capacitor is like a small bucket that is able to store electrons. For dynamic memory to work, either the CPU or the memory controller has to come along and recharge all of the capacitors holding a 1 before they discharge. To do this, the memory controller reads the memory and then writes it right back. This refresh operation happens automatically thousands of times per second. The capacitor in a dynamic RAM memory cell is like a leaky bucket.
It needs to be refreshed periodically or it will discharge to 0.
Dynamic RAM has to be dynamically refreshed all of the time or it forgets what it is holding. The downside of all of this refreshing is that it takes time and slows down the memory.
DRAM works by sending
Static RAM
Static RAM uses a completely different technology. In static RAM, a form of flip-flop holds each bit of memory. A flip-flop for a memory cell takes four or six transistors along with some wiring, but never has to be refreshed. This makes static RAM significantly faster than dynamic RAM. However, because it has more parts, a static memory cell takes up a lot more space on a chip than a dynamic memory cell. Therefore, you get less memory per chip, and that makes static RAM a lot more expensive.
Static RAM is fast and expensive, and dynamic RAM is less expensive and slower. Static RAM is used to create the CPU's speed-sensitive cache, while dynamic RAM forms the larger system RAM space.
The following are some common types of RAM:
• SRAM.
• DRAM: Dynamic random access memory FPM DRAM: Fast page mode dynamic random access memory
• EDO DRAM: Extended data-out dynamic random access memory
• SDRAM: Synchronous dynamic random access memory DDR SDRAM: Double data rate synchronous dynamic RAM
• RDRAM: Rambus dynamic random access memory Credit Card Memory
• PCMCIA Memory Card:
• CMOS RAM • VRAM: Video RAM, also known as multiport dynamic random access memory (MPDRAM)
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